Medical English | Day9
2014/11/12 医学生

    

    

     aseptic[e?'sept?k]

     adj. 无菌的；防腐性的

     n. [助剂] 防腐剂

     词根a-/ an- 表否定

     acentric 无中心的

     amoral 非道德性的

     anemia 反常的

     词组Aseptic technique无菌操作；无菌技术；无菌术

     aseptic packaging无菌包装

     aseptic ligature无菌结扎法

     Aseptic Surgery无菌外科；无菌外科手术

     Aseptic materials无菌物品

     aseptic suppuration无菌性化脓

     例句Information on the epidemiology of mumps disease during the campaign would be important for the understanding of reported rates of aseptic meningitis.

     在开展接种运动时收集到的流行性腮腺炎的流行病学信息非常重要，有助于我们理解报告的无菌性脑膜炎的发生率。

     www.who.int

    

     Question来自First-aid Q&A for step 1，ZY翻译

     A 16-year-old boy is brought to the pediatrician by his mother because of excessive daytime sleepiness. She states that over the past 6 months she has received numerous phone calls from the boy’s school informing her that her son sleeps throughout all of his afternoon classes and is often difficult to arouse at the end of class. The patient reports that occasionally when he wakes up in the morning he cannot move for extended periods. He says that sometimes when he laughs at jokes or becomes nervous before a test, he feels as if he cannot move his legs. He admits that he has even fallen to the floor because of leg weakness while laughing. Which of the following is the best choice for treating this patient?

     (A) Chloral hydrate(B) Hydroxyzine(C) Modafinil(D) Prochlorperazine maleate(E) Zolpidem

     一名16岁男孩因白天极度的嗜睡，而被母亲带去儿科诊室。他的母亲说在过去的六个月里，她接到了男孩学校的许多电话，告知她儿子下午整堂课都在睡觉，下课也很难醒来。患者自述有时早上醒来，很长时间都不能动。有时因为玩笑而大笑或者考试前紧张时，也感到不能移动双腿。他承认有在大笑时腿部无力而摔下楼梯的情况。针对这种情况，哪个是治疗患者的最佳选择？

     A水合氯醛

     B安泰乐

     C莫达非尼

     D丙氯拉嗪

     E唑吡坦

     AnswerThe correct answer is C. This patient exhibits some of the classic symptoms of narcolepsy, including cataplexy and sleep paralysis. Cataplexy is defined as brief episodes of bilateral weakness, without alteration in consciousness that is often brought on by strong emotions such as laughing or fear. Sleep paralysis is anepisode of partial or total paralysis that occurs at the beginning or end of a sleep cycle. Patients are often aware that they are awake, but may suffer from frightening hallucinations known as hypnagogic when they occur at the start of sleep or hypnopompic when they occur at the end. Modafinil is a psychostimulant with proven effectiveness for treating excessive daytime sleepiness. Patients suffering from cataplexy and sleep paralysis may also benefi t from the initiation of tricyclic antidepressants or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

     正确答案为C。这个患者表现出一些发作性睡病的典型表现，包括猝倒和睡眠麻痹。猝倒定义为短暂迅速的双侧无力，没有意识的改变，常常由强烈的感情比如大笑和恐惧引起。睡眠麻痹是一种阶段性的发生在睡眠周期开始或结束的部分或全部麻痹。患者自知清醒，但可能会经历入睡前或觉醒前恐怖的幻觉。莫达非尼这种精神兴奋药，治疗白天过度嗜睡的有效性已被证实。患有猝倒和睡眠麻痹的病人也可能从三环抗抑郁药或选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂中获益。

     水合氯醛是一种非苯二氮卓类安眠药，用于镇静和催眠。此患者无须帮助睡眠。安泰乐是一种非选择性的抗组胺剂，用于焦虑，瘙痒，噁心呕吐，镇静和失眠。丙氯拉嗪是一种安定药，用于噁心呕吐，焦虑，和精神疾病。唑吡坦是治疗失眠的非苯二氮卓类安眠药。

    

     Randomized controlled trial: Moxibustion and acupuncture for the treatment of Crohn's disease.

     针刺和艾灸治疗克罗恩病的效果：一项随机对照试验

     Chun-Hui Bao ,Ji-Meng Zhao ,Hui-Rong Liu ,Yuan Lu ,Yi-Fang Zhu ,Yin Shi

     World J Gastroenterol

     2014-08-21

     索引：World J. Gastroenterol. 2014 Aug;20(31):11000-11

     中文摘要来源：李宗儒翻译 董润审核

     AIM

     To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of acupuncture and moxibustion for the treatment of active Crohn's disease (CD).

     METHODS

     Ninety-two patients were equally and randomly divided into the treatment group and received herb-partitioned moxibustion combined with acupuncture, and the control group received wheat bran-partitioned moxibustion combined with superficial acupuncture. The patients received three treatment sessions per week for 12 wk and were followed up for 24 wk. The main outcome was evaluated using the CD Activity Index (CDAI) score, and the secondary outcomes were evaluated using laboratory indicators such as hemoglobin (HGB), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, quality-of-life, endoscopic ratings, and intestinal histology scores.

     RESULTS

     The CDAI scores of both the treatment and control groups were significantly reduced after treatment compared with those measured before treatment. However, the degree of improvement in the treatment group was significantly greater than that of the control group. The improvement in symptoms in patients of the treatment group was sustained at follow-up, whereas that of the control group was not. The overall efficacy of the treatment was significantly greater than that of the control. Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in quality-of-life ratings after treatment, but the improvement was significantly greater in the treatment group than in the control group. In addition, the patients in the treatment group showed significantly increased HGB and significantly decreased CRP levels and histopathological scores at the end of treatment, whereas the control group did not exhibit significant changes.

     CONCLUSION

     Moxibustion with acupuncture provided significant therapeutic benefits in patients with active CD beyond the placebo effect and is therefore an effective and safe treatment for active CD.

     目的：

     评估针刺和艾灸治疗活动性克罗恩病的效果和安全性。

     方法：

     我们把92位患者随机均等地分入治疗组和对照组，治疗组接受隔药灸和针刺，对照组接受隔麦麸灸和浅层针刺。患者每周进行三次治疗，共12周，并接受了24周的随访。主要终点是克罗恩病活动性指数(CDAI)评分，次要终点是实验室指标，如血红蛋白(HGB)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、血沉、生活质量、内镜评分和肠道组织学评分。

     结果：

     治疗组和对照组的CDAI评分与治疗前相比都显著降低。但是治疗组的疾病改善程度明显高于对照组。治疗组的症状改善在随访中持续存在，而对照组则未能维持。治疗组的总体疗效比对照组好。两组患者的生活质量在治疗后都明显改善，但是治疗组的改善更明显。治疗组患者在治疗结束时出现了HGB的明显升高，CRP和组织学评分的明显降低，但是对照组则没有明显变化。

     结论：

     针刺和艾灸较安慰剂明显增加了活动期克罗恩病患者的获益，因此其对活动性克罗恩病是安全且有效的。

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