Medical English | Day 20
2014/11/26 医学生

    

    

     transfusion

     [tr?ns'fju?(?)n; trɑ?ns-; -nz-]

     n. [临床] 输血；[临床] 输液；倾注；灌输

     词根trans-表超过，横跨

     transfix 钉住，刺穿

     transship 转运，转送；把…转载他船

     词组Exchange transfusion大换血；交换输血；换血疗法；换血

     Platelet transfusion血小板输注；输注血小板；输血小板

     venous transfusion静脉输液；静脉输血；静脉药物；静脉化疗

     例句The day aims to raise awareness of the need for safe blood, to thank and honour those blood donors who make transfusion possible and to encourage regular blood donation by suitable donors.

     世界献血者日旨在提高人们对安全血液必要性的认识，感谢使输血成为可能的那些献血者和对他们表示尊敬，以及鼓励合适的献血者经常献血。

     www.who.int

     Question肖锋 翻译和整理

     What is the current postexposure (PEP) medication regimen for occupational and non-occupational HIV exposure?

     什么是最新的职业和非职业性HIV暴露后预防(PEP)药物治疗方案？

     AnswerTenofovir + emtricitabine pluseither raltegravir or dolutegravir is the preferred initial regimen because ofexcellent tolerability, proven potency in established HIV infection, and easeof administration (See current EMedHome Clinical Pearl).

     为其联合使用的良好耐受性，已证实的抗HIV感染效力，和使用方便，替诺福韦+恩曲他滨加拉替拉韦或多鲁特拉韦(dolutegravir)是首选初始方案(10/14 New York State Department of HealthAIDS Institute: www.hivguidelines.org and InfectionControl and Hospital Epidemiol 2013;34:875-892)。

     Clinical management of concurrent diabetes and tuberculosis and the implications for patient services.

     糖尿病伴发结核的临床治疗及为患者服务的内涵

     Anca Lelia Riza ,Fiona Pearson ,Cesar Ugarte-Gil ,Bachti Alisjahbana ,Steven van de Vijver ,Nicolae M Panduru

     Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol

     2014-09-01

     索引：Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2014 Sep;2(9):740-753

     中文摘要来源：白琳翻译

     Diabetes triples the risk for active tuberculosis, thus the increasing burden of type 2 diabetes will help to sustain the present tuberculosis epidemic. Recommendations have been made for bidirectional screening, but evidence is scarce about the performance of specific tuberculosis tests in individuals with diabetes, specific diabetes tests in patients with tuberculosis, and screening and preventive therapy for latent tuberculosis infections in individuals with diabetes. Clinical management of patients with both diseases can be difficult. Tuberculosis patients with diabetes have a lower concentration of tuberculosis drugs and a higher risk of drug toxicity than tuberculosis patients without diabetes. Good glycaemic control, which reduces long-term diabetes complications and could also improve tuberculosis treatment outcomes, is hampered by chronic inflammation, drug-drug interactions, suboptimum adherence to drug treatments, and other factors. Besides drug treatments for tuberculosis and diabetes, other interventions, such as education, intensive monitoring, and lifestyle interventions, might be needed, especially for patients with newly diagnosed diabetes or those who need insulin. From a health systems point of view, delivery of optimum care and integration of services for tuberculosis and diabetes is a huge challenge in many countries. Experience from the combined tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS epidemic could serve as an example, but more studies are needed that include economic assessments of recommended screening and systems to manage concurrent tuberculosis and diabetes.

     糖尿病患者发生活动性结核的危险性比普通人增加了三倍，因此，控制2型糖尿病的负担增加将利于抵挡当前结核流行的状况。已经有建议双向检查糖尿病和结核，在结核患者中进行特异性糖尿病的检查，在糖尿病患者中筛查和预防性治疗潜在的结核感染。临床上控制糖尿病伴结核非常困难。结核伴糖尿病的患者抗结核药物的血药浓度更低，并且比不伴有糖尿病的患者有更高的药物中毒危险。良好的血糖控制可减少糖尿病远期并发症并且也能够提高结核治疗效果，血糖控制受制于慢性炎症、药物相互作用、药物治疗的不耐受和其他因素。除了药物治疗结核与糖尿病，可能也需要其他管理方法如患者教育、强化监测和终身干预，特别是对于新诊断的胰岛素依赖性的糖尿病患者。从健康体系的观点看，许多国家在为结核病伴糖尿病患者实施良好的护理和整合的服务方面，面临着巨大挑战。在治疗艾滋病毒感染或艾滋病伴结核方面的经验可以借鉴，但是我们需要研究更多经济学方面的评估，包括推荐的筛查和系统性管理结核伴糖尿病的经济学方面。

     文献更多内容点击阅读原文

     阅读原文

    http://www.duyihua.cn
返回 医学生 返回首页 返回百拇医药