Medical English | Day28
2014/12/9 医学生

     Oligospermia

     [,?liɡ?u'sp?:mi?]

     n. [泌尿] 精子减少;精液缺乏

     词根olig/o-表示少,缺失

     oligomenorrhea 月经稀少

     oligodontia 少牙,牙齿畸形

     词组idiopathic oligospermia 特发性精子减少症

     infertile with oligospermia 少精液症

     例句BACKGRONUD &AIM:

     To investigate the relationship between spermatogenesisdisorder and genetic defects of patients with azoospermia or severe oligospermia .

     背景与目的:探讨无精子症和严重少精子症患者的遗传缺陷与精子生成障碍的关系。

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     Question肖锋 翻译和整理

     Simple UTIs (eg, cystitis in women) can be treated with 3 days of antibiotics; however, UTIs in men are considered “complicated” by definition and warrant at least how many days of antibiotictherapy?

     单纯尿路感染(如,女性膀胱炎)可以用3天的抗生素治疗;然而,男性尿路感染被认为是“复杂的”,要保证至少用多少天的抗生素?

     AnswerUTIs in men warrant at least 7 days of antibiotic therapy.

     男性尿路感染需要至少7天的抗生素治疗(Mayo Clin Proc, Vol. 86, pg. 557)。

     Early palliative care for patients with advanced cancer: a cluster-randomised controlled trial.

     晚期癌症患者的早期姑息治疗:一项整群随机对照试验

     Camilla Zimmermann ,Nadia Swami ,Monika Krzyzanowska ,Breffni Hannon ,Natasha Leighl ,Amit Oza

     柳叶刀杂志(Lancet)

     2014-02-18

     索引:Lancet.2014 Feb 18;

     中文摘要来源:柳叶刀中文版 史敏 译

     BACKGROUND

     Patients with advanced cancer have reduced quality of life, which tends to worsen towards the end of life. We assessed the effect of early palliative care in patients with advanced cancer on several aspects of quality of life.

     METHODS

     The study took place at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Toronto, ON, Canada), between Dec 1, 2006, and Feb 28, 2011. 24 medical oncology clinics were cluster randomised (in a 1:1 ratio, using a computer-generated sequence, stratified by clinic size and tumour site [four lung, eight gastrointestinal, four genitourinary, six breast, two gynaecological]), to consultation and follow-up (at least monthly) by a palliative care team or to standard cancer care. Complete masking of interventions was not possible; however, patients provided written informed consent to participate in their own study group, without being informed of the existence of another group. Eligible patients had advanced cancer, European Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-2, and a clinical prognosis of 6-24 months. Quality of life (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being [FACIT-Sp] scale and Quality of Life at the End of Life [QUAL-E] scale), symptom severity (Edmonton Symptom Assessment System [ESAS]), satisfaction with care (FAMCARE-P16), and problems with medical interactions (Cancer Rehabilitation Evaluation System Medical Interaction Subscale [CARES-MIS]) were measured at baseline and monthly for 4 months. The primary outcome was change score for FACIT-Sp at 3 months. Secondary endpoints included change score for FACIT-Sp at 4 months and change scores for other scales at 3 and 4 months. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01248624.

     FINDINGS

     461 patients completed baseline measures (228 intervention, 233 control); 393 completed at least one follow-up assessment. At 3-months, there was a non-significant difference in change score for FACIT-Sp between intervention and control groups (3·56 points [95% CI -0·27 to 7·40], p=0·07), a significant difference in QUAL-E (2·25 [0·01 to 4·49], p=0·05) and FAMCARE-P16 (3·79 [1·74 to 5·85], p=0·0003), and no difference in ESAS (-1·70 [-5·26 to 1·87], p=0·33) or CARES-MIS (-0·66 [-2·25 to 0·94], p=0·40). At 4 months, there were significant differences in change scores for all outcomes except CARES-MIS. All differences favoured the intervention group.

     INTERPRETATION

     Although the difference in quality of life was non-significant at the primary endpoint, this trial shows promising findings that support early palliative care for patients with advanced cancer.

     背景:晚期癌症患者的生活质量会大打折扣,而且会随着其生命末期的到来进一步恶化。本文中,作者评估了早期姑息治疗对晚期癌症患者生活质量多个方面的效应。

     方法:研究于2006年12月1日至2011年2月28日在加拿大多伦多的玛格丽特公主癌症中心进行,24个肿瘤门诊参与整群随机分组[采用计算机生成的随机序列以11的比例,并根据肿瘤门诊的规模和肿瘤类型(肺癌门诊4个、胃肠道门诊8个、生殖泌尿门诊4个、乳腺癌门诊6个、妇科肿瘤门诊2个)分层],由一个姑息诊疗团队进行咨询、随访(至少每月一次)或进行标准的癌症治疗。对干预方法的完全设盲并不可能,但患者仅签署参与其所在研究组的书面知情同意书,而未被告知另一组的存在。患者纳入标准:晚期癌症,欧洲肿瘤学D-作组一般状况评分0~2,临床预期存活6~24个月。在基线和4个月内每月评估生活质量[慢性病治疗功能性评估£-精神健康(FACIT-Sp)量表和临终生活质量(QUAL-E)量表]、症状严重程度[Edmonton症状评估系统(ESAS)]、治疗满意度(FAMCARE-P16)及药物干预中存在的问题[癌症康复评价系统药物干预分量表(CARES-MIS)]。主要的结局指标为3个月时FACIT-Sp评分的变化,次级结局指标为4个月时FACIT-Sp评分的变化,以及其他量表3个月和4个月时的变化。试验在ClinicalTrials.gov注册,编号为NCT01248624。

     结果:461例患者完成了基线检测(干预组228例,对照组233例);393例完成至少一次随访评估。3个月时,干预组和对照组的FACIT-Sp评分变化的差异不具有显著性(3.56分,95%CI £-0.27~7.40,P=0.07),QUAL-E(2.25分,95%CI 0.01~4.49,P=0.05)和FAMCARE-P16(3.79分,95%CI 1.74~5.85,P=0.000 3)具有显著性差异,ESAS(£-1.70分,95%CI £-5.26~1.87,P=0.03)或CARES-MIS(£-0.66分,95%CI £-2.25~0.94,P=0.40)无差异。4个月时,除CARES-MIS外,所有的结局指标的评分变化均有显著性差异,而且所有的指标差异均支持干预组。

     结论:尽管在主要结局指标上,生活质量的差异无显著性意义,但该试验显示了令人鼓舞的结果,即支持晚期癌症患者的早期姑息治疗。

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