ҽѧӢÓïØ­Division of the Skeleton£¨Èý£©
2015/1/2 ҽѧÉú

     Root

    

     Basic Knowledge

     Ulna

     The proximal end of the ulna articulates with the humerus[n.ëŹÇ] and radius[n.èã¹Ç]. A distinct depression, the trochlear notch[n.»¬³µÇм£], articulates with the trochlea of the humerus. The coronoid process[n.¹ÚÍ»] forms the anterior lip of the trochlear notch, and the olecranon[n.Ó¥×ì] forms the posterior portion.

     Lateral and inferior to the coronoid process is the radial notch[n.èãÇм£], which accommodates the head of the radius. On the tapered distal end of the ulna is a knobbed portion, the head, and a knoblike projection, the styloid process. The ulna articulates at both ends with the radius.

     Radius

     The radius consists of a body with a small proximal end and a large distal end. A proximal disc-shaped head articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna. The prominent tuberosity of radius (radial tuberosity èã¹Ç´Ö¡), for attachment of the biceps brachii muscle[n.ëŶþÍ·¼¡], is located on the medial side of the body, just below the head.

     On the distal end of the radius is a double-faceted surface for articulation with the proximal carpal bones[n.½ü²àÍó¹Ç]. The distal end of the radius also has a styloid process[n.¾¥Í»] on the lateral tip and an ulnar notch on the medial side that receives the distal end of the ulna. The styloid processes on the ulna and radius provide lateral and medial stability for articulation at the wrist.

    

    

    

     Manus (Hand)

     The hand contains 27 bones, grouped into the carpus, metacarpus, and phalanges.

     Carpus Íó¹Ç

     The carpus, or wrist, contains eight carpal bones arranged in twotransverse rows of four bones each. The proximal row, naming from the lateral (thumb) to the medial side, consists of the scaphoid[n.ÖÛ¹Ç], lunate[n.Ô¹Ç], triquetrum[n.Èý½Ç¹Ç] and pisiform[n.Í㶹¹Ç]. The pisiform forms in a tendon as a sesamoid bone. The distal row, from lateral to medial, consists of the trapezium[.´ó¶à½Ç¹Ç], trapezoid[n.С¶à½Ç¹Ç], capitate[n.Í·×´¹Ç], and hamate[n.¹³×´¹Ç]. The scaphoid and lunate of the proximal row articulate with the distal end of the radius.

     MetacarpusÕƹÇ

     The metacarpus, or palm of the hand, contains five metacarpal bones. Each metacarpal bone consists of a proximal base, a body, and a distal head that is rounded for articulation with the base of each proximal phalanx. The heads of the metacarpal bones are distally located and form the knuckles of a clenched fist.

     Phalanges Ö¸¹Ç

     The 14 phalanges are the bones of the digits. A single finger bone is called a phalanx. The phalanges of the fingers are arranged in a proximal row, a middle row, and a distal row. The thumb, or pollex, lacks a middle phalanx. The digits are sequentially numbered I to V starting with the thumb¡ªthe lateral side, in reference to anatomical position.

    

    

    

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