医学英语丨Division of the Skeleton（四）盆骨及下肢
2015/1/5 医学生

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     Basic Knowledge

     Pelvic Girdle

     The pelvic girdleis formed by two ossa coxae, united anteriorly at the symphysis pubis[n.耻骨联合]. It is attached posteriorly to the sacrum of the vertebralcolumn[n.脊柱]. The sacrum[n.骶骨], a bone of the axial skeleton.The deep,basin like structure formed by the ossa coxae, together with the sacrum and coccyx, is called the pelvis[n.盆骨].

     The pelvic girdle[n.骨盆带] and its associated ligaments support the weight of the body from the vertebral column.The pelvic girdle also supports and protects the lower viscera, including the urinary bladder, the reproductive organs,and in a pregnant woman, the developing fetus.The pelvis is divided into a greater(false) pelvis[n.大骨盆] and a lesser(true) pelvis[n.小骨盆].

    

     Femur

     The Femur is the longest, heaviest, strongest bone in the body. A roughened shallow pit, the fovea capitisfemoris[n.股骨头凹], is present in the lower center of the head of the femur.

     The fovea capitis femoris provides the point of attachment for the ligament umcapitis femoris , which helps to support the head of the femur against theacetabulum[n.髋臼]. It also provides the site for the entry of an artery into the head of the femur.

     The constricted region supporting the head is called the neck[n.股骨颈] and is a common site for fractures in the elderly.The body of the femur has a slight medial curve to bring the knee joint in line with the body’s plane of gravity. The degree of curvature is greater in the female because of the wider pelvis.

     The body of the femur has several distinguishing features for muscle attachment. On the proximolateral side of the body is the greater trochanter[n.大转子],and on the medial side is the lesser trochanter[n.小转子]. On the anterior side, between the trochanters,is the intertrochanteric line[n.转子间线].

     On the posteriorside,between the trochanters, is the intertrochanteric crest[n.转子间塉].The linea aspera[n.粗线] is a roughened vertical ridge on the posterior surface of the body of the femur.

    

     Patella

     The patella[n.髌骨]is a large, triangular sesamoid bone[n.籽骨] positioned on the anterior side of the distal femur.

     Tibia

     The tibia articulates proximally with the femur at the knee joint and distally with the talus of the ankle. It also articulates both proximally and distally with the fibula. Two slightly concave surfaces on the proximal end of the tibia, the medial and lateral condyles articulate with the condyles of the femur[n.股骨髁].

     The condyles are separated by a slight upward projection called the intercondylar eminence[n.髁间隆起], which provides attachment for the cruciate ligaments[n.交叉韧带] of the knee joint. The tibial tuberosity[n.胫骨粗隆], for attachment of the patellar ligament,is located on the proximoanterior part of the body of the tibia.

     Fibula

     The fibula is a long, slender bone that is more important for muscle attachment than for support. The head of the fibula articulates with the proximolateral end of the tibia. The distal end has a prominent knob called the lateral malleolus.

    

    

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