竟然是这十道菜入选最受欢迎的中国菜? 人家的英文菜名你都不知道
2016/6/2 21世纪英文报

     每天早上一睁眼，世纪君就开始思考一个严肃的问题：今天中午吃什么？民以食为天，唯美食不可辜负～毕竟，地大物博的我国物产丰富，在吃货的眼中，美食更是可以换着花样儿的来。 然而，当本君看到最近出炉的这份最受欢迎的中国菜榜单时，心中的第一想法是怎么能没有那道菜？？我最爱的大菜又去哪儿了？？？

    

     近日，中国饭店协会下属研究院发布了十大最受欢迎中国菜榜单，评选是基于2015年主要网络订餐平台和公共调查的数据。

    

     四川酸菜鱼(fish with Sichuan pickles)高居榜首，随后是宫保鸡丁(Kung Pao Chicken)和广东人的必备菜肴炒时令青菜(stir-fried seasonal vegetables)。值得一提的是前十中有五道菜都是地道川菜或湘菜，看来还是无辣不欢的小伙伴们居多哇。

     下面就一起来看看在我们浩如烟海的大中国美食中脱颖而出的前十位菜肴都是哪些吧～该怎么跟你的歪果小伙伴们介绍这些美食呢，速度get起来～

     1酸菜鱼

     Fish with Sichuan pickles

    

     从北方的酸辣白菜到中部和南部部分地区的腌萝卜干，泡菜在我们大中华料理中也是有着不同分身。

     From the sour pickled whole cabbages in the north to the salted radishes in central and southern parts, pickles are a major part of every branch of cuisine in China. Pickles may be sweet, sour, tart, pungent or salty, and their preparation may involve the fermenting of vegetables, fruit, meat or fish - depending on what's available and abundant.

     四川泡菜主料是圆白菜(round cabbage)，配上切块的胡萝卜、萝卜腌制而成。酸菜鱼就是切成薄片的鱼肉( thinly sliced fish)配上酸菜汤，酸爽可口~除了酸菜鱼，四川著名小吃泡椒凤爪(blanched chicken claws)也是泡在酸菜、辣椒、酸萝卜里制成的。

     2宫保鸡丁

     Spicy diced chicken with peanuts/Kung Pao Chicken

    

     中国菜很多都是以人名或者传说来命名，英文翻译时可以直接用拼音来代替这些人名，也可以按照英语菜名的习惯在菜名中介绍菜肴的主要原料。↑↑↑宫保鸡丁的两种翻译就是两种翻法的典型代表。宫保是明、清时期官员的虚衔。

     It is believed that the dish is named after Ding Baozhen (1820–1886). He was a late Qing Dynasty official and the governor of Sichuan Province. He liked chicken stir-fried with chili very much. And as his title was Gongbao, people named the dish Kung Pao chicken.

     3炒青菜

     Stir-fried vegetables

    

     广东人的炒青菜其实是炒时令蔬菜(seasonal vegetables)，而在江浙一带，青菜是特指小白菜、鸡毛菜。Stir-fried就是(用旺火)煸炒的，比如炒饭是stir-fried rice，炒虾仁stir-fried shrimp等。

     4鱼香肉丝

     Shredded pork with garlic sauce

    

     世纪君的很多歪果盆友都很爱鱼香肉丝，当然他们一开始也都很困惑，so这道菜跟鱼到底什么关系？遇到这样的小伙伴就得解释一下，鱼香其实就是指一种四川特色风味(a typical Sichuan flavor)啦，鱼香鸡蛋、鱼香鸡丝也很好吃呀~shredded是指切丝的，相对应的sliced是切成片的，minced是切成末的，diced是切成碎粒或小方块的。Garlic sauce其实是省略了很多，鱼香这种口味中的调料还有红椒、大蒜、酱油、醋等等。

     The dish actually has nothing to do with its Chinese name “yu xiang (the fragrance of fish)”. In fact, yu xiang is a typical Sichuan flavor. It is made of a few seasonings: red chili, green Chinese onion, ginger, garlic, soy sauce, sugar and wine. It is said that one woman in Sichuan was good at cooking fish. Once, she used the seasoning that’s used to cook fish to cook pork. Surprisingly, it tasted great! And shredded pork with garlic sauce was born.

     5剁椒鱼头

     Steamed fish head with diced hot red peppers

    

     这个译名比较全面地说明了这道菜的做法和配料。Steamed是蒸的，比如馒头是steamed bun，包子是steamed stuffed bun。主料是鱼头(fish head)配上剁椒(diced hot red peppers)。关于这道菜也是有个小传说↓↓↓

     A legend says that Huang Zongxian was a scholar during the Qing Dynasty. To avoid being treated unfairly, he escaped to a small village in Hunan and lived in a farmer’s home. One day, the hostess steamed a big fish head with her homemade red peppers. Its yummy taste impressed Huang. Years later, Huang asked his chef to cook fish head like this. That was how steamed fish head with diced hot red peppers was made. And today, the dish is one of the most famous dishes of Hunan cuisine. And since the dish is covered with red peppers, people think it is lucky to eat.

     6水煮鱼

     Fish filets in hot chili oil

    

     和酸菜鱼相比，水煮鱼的鱼片要略厚些，这里filet指一片/块无骨肉，一般指较嫩部位的。在西餐中这个词单独出现一般指菲力牛排，指牛里脊肉。鸡柳一般也是鸡胸肉，可以说chicken breast fillet。虽然名字叫水煮鱼，但是鱼片其实是在红辣椒油(hot chili oil)里煮出来的。吃鱼的时候要小心鱼刺(fishbone)哦～

     最受欢迎前十番里有四川水煮鱼、酸菜鱼和湖南剁椒鱼头，云南酸汤鱼表示不太服气的吧，宝宝们最爱哪种做法的鱼呢？

     7西红柿蛋汤

     Tomato and egg soup

    

     西红柿蛋汤和西红柿炒鸡蛋(scrambled egg with tomato)哪个更受欢迎更应该进入前十，你们怎么看？炒鸡蛋的说法是scrambled eggs，另外白煮蛋是boiled egg，单面煎的鸡蛋是sunny side up，双面煎的则是eggs over easy。

     8红烧肉

     Braised pork with brown sauce

    

     Braised指“焖，红烧”这种做法，比如braised beef焖牛肉。红烧肉一般是甜口的，肉块加糖加酱油焖烧而成。不过我大中华幅员辽阔，一种菜也有各种不同做法，比如在红烧肉这个品种下很有名的分支毛氏红烧肉，是不放酱油而放糖的。有一些川菜馆的红烧肉还有辣口味的。

     There are many ways to cook this dish. But one of the most famous is the Mao-style braised pork. It was Chairman Mao’s favorite. Chairman Mao didn’t use soy sauce. So his chef used sugar to give the dish a bright brown color and added salt to make it tastier. Chairman Mao loved it very much. “As long as I cook this dish, he will eat it all,” Mao’s chef Cheng Ruming said in an interview. This is how Mao-style braised pork was named.

     9烤鸭

     Roast duck

    

    来北京的人必须要尝的一道菜就是烤鸭了。传说朱元璋是发明烤鸭的人。在此之前鸭子一般都是煮着(boil)或者焖烧(braise)着吃的。吃烤鸭一般是用一种薄面饼(pancake)裹上甜面酱(sweet sauce)配上黄瓜条(cucumber stick)和大葱(green onion)等。

     It is said that Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, was the creator of roast duck. Before Zhu, people boiled or braised duck. When Zhu settled down in Nanjing, he created a new way to cook duck. He roasted it by charcoal fire. This gave it a crispy outside and made the duck fat but not greasy. People liked it very much. And the dish became popular in the royal court. People called it roast duck. Today, roast duck is the most famous dish in Beijing. Once you come to Beijing, you must try Quanjude Restaurant–- the largest and oldest roast duck restaurant in Beijing.

     10回锅肉

     Twice-cooked pork slices in hot sauce

    

     回锅，顾名思义就是有一次回到锅里，烹饪了两遍的意思，即twice-cooked。回锅肉一般都是肥瘦相间的五花肉streaky meat，肥肉是fat meat，瘦肉是lean meat。

     常见菜名

     凉菜，冷盘 cold dishes

     小葱拌豆腐 bean curd mixed with chopped green onion

     酱牛肉 braised beef with soy sauce

     盐水肝 boiled liver with salt

     油炸花生 fried peanuts

     翻炒，爆炒 stir-fried dishes

     青椒肉丝 stir-fried pork shreds with green pepper

     木须肉 stir-fried pork slices with eggs and fungi

     炒鳝片 stir-fried eel slices

     炒虾仁 stir-fried shelled shrimp

     炒菜 fried dishes

     葱爆里脊 fried pork fillet slices with leeks

     椒盐排骨 fried pork ribs with pepper sauce

     糖醋排骨 sweet and sour spare ribs:

     咖喱牛肉 fried beef with curry

     红烧 braised dishes

     红烧鱼braised fish with soy sauce

     清蒸steamed dishes

     清蒸鱼steamed fish

     豉汁蒸鱼steamed fish with black bean sauce

     其他 others

     叉烧肉roast pork fillet

     烤羊肉roast mutton:

     涮羊肉instant boiled sliced mutton

     最后再教给大家一个小窍门，在跟外国友人交流菜单时，遇到上面没介绍到的菜，直接用这道菜的主原料main ingredients with 口味flavour就行，比如potato with vinegar flavour (醋溜土豆丝)。说到这里，酸辣土豆丝前十不入，宝宝也是不服的，你们觉得呢？

     你最爱哪道菜？留言聊聊吧~

    

     最后，告诉大家一个好消息~ 自从微信升级了新版本，大家可以置顶自己心水的公众号啦!操作办法就是：进入公众号——找到“置顶公众号”—— 开启。

     世纪君无比盼望着被你置顶哟~

    

     【福利】微信订电子报5折起!回复“订报”查看详情。点击“阅读原文”，开启英语读行侠，世纪君带你刷题带你飞~

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